How does it work?

The FRAM 3 click utilizes the MB94R330, which is an FRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory) authentication IC using the ferroelectric process and silicon gate CMOS process technologies for forming the nonvolatile memory cells.

The MB94R330 adopts an original communication protocol based on the two-wire serial interface (I2C BUS), a hardware cryptographic macro and a proprietary control core. It is suitable for detecting cloned peripherals and accessories which is used in an electric equipment such as a printer, multifunction printer and so on.

Ferroelectric technology is still being developed and perfected, but the advantages have already been demonstrated. This technology exploits the properties of ferroelectric materials to retain the electric field after they have been exposed to it, the same way the ferromagnetic materials retain their magnetic field. This phenomenon is employed to polarize the FRAM cells and store the information. One of the areas that still need to be improved is the thermal instability, especially on high temperatures. When the ferroelectric material reaches the Curie temperature, its properties are degraded.

Therefore, the high temperature might damage the content of the FRAM module. This is illustrated by the data retention period: while working at 55°C, the data retention period is 10 years. Still, combined with the endurance of 1010 read/write cycles at bus write speed, this type of memory still represents an ideal solution for applications that have to do a frequent writing to the non-volatile memory locations.

This Click board™ uses the I2C communication protocol, allowing very fast serial clock rates. To ensure reliable data transaction and to avoid accidental write to the memory array, the device employs certain protection mechanisms.

The MB94R330 supports the I2C bus, and operates as a slave device. The role of the communication for the I2C bus is different from "Master" side and "Slave" side. The master side has the authority to initiate control. Furthermore, the party line can be connected which connects two or more slave devices to one master. In this case, the slave side has each unique address respectively, and after specifying the address on the slave side, the master side starts to communicate.

The FRAM 3 click is suitable for detecting cloned peripherals and accessories which is used in an electric equipment such as a printer, multifunction printer and so on.

Specifications

Pinout diagram

This table shows how the pinout on FRAM 3 click corresponds to the pinout on the mikroBUS™ socket (the latter shown in the two middle columns).

Notes	Pin					Pin	Notes
	NC	1	AN	PWM	16	NC
	NC	2	RST	INT	15	NC
	NC	3	CS	RX	14	NC
	NC	4	SCK	TX	13	NC
	NC	5	MISO	SCL	12	SCL	I2C Clock
	NC	6	MOSI	SDA	11	SDA	I2C Data
Power Supply	3.3V	7	3.3V	5V	10	NC
Ground	GND	8	GND	GND	9	GND	Ground

Onboard settings and indicators

Software Support

We provide a library for the FRMA 3 click on our LibStock page, as well as a demo application (example), developed using MikroElektronika compilers. The demo can run on all the main MikroElektronika development boards.

Library Description

Library provides control over reading and writing data via I2C module. You can use 2 specific functions for reading and writing to memory.

Key functions:

• void fram3_read_data ( uint8_t *data_buf, uint8_t n_buf_size ) - Generic read data function
• void fram3_write_data ( uint8_t *data_buf, uint8_t n_buf_size ) - Generic write data function
• uint8_t fram3_read_free_access_memory ( uint8_t start_addr, uint8_t *data_buf, uint8_t n_buf_size ) - Memory read function
• uint8_t fram3_write_free_access_memory ( uint8_t start_addr, uint8_t *data_buf, uint8_t n_buf_size ) - Memory write function

Examples description

The application is composed of three sections :

• System Initialization - Initializes I2C module
• Application Initialization - Initializes driver init
• Application Task - Writes and then reads data from memory

void application_task (  )
{
    mikrobus_logWrite( " - Writing... ", _LOG_LINE );
    Delay_ms( 500 );
    status_check = fram3_write_free_access_memory( 0x00, &write_data[ 0 ], 7 );
    if ( status_check == FRAM3_ERROR )
    {
        mikrobus_logWrite( " - ERROR WRITING!!! ", _LOG_LINE );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    mikrobus_logWrite( " - Reading... ", _LOG_LINE );
    Delay_ms( 500 );
    status_check = fram3_read_free_access_memory( 0x00, &read_data[ 0 ], 7 );
    if ( status_check == FRAM3_ERROR )
    {
        mikrobus_logWrite( " - ERROR READING!!! ", _LOG_LINE );
        for ( ; ; );
    }

    for ( cnt = 0; cnt < 7; cnt++ )
    {
        mikrobus_logWrite( &read_data[ cnt ], _LOG_BYTE );
        Delay_ms( 100 );
    }
    mikrobus_logWrite( "", _LOG_LINE );
    Delay_ms( 1000 );
    mikrobus_logWrite( "__________________________", _LOG_LINE );
    Delay_ms( 500 );
}

The full application code, and ready to use projects can be found on our LibStock page.

Other mikroE Libraries used in the example:

• I2C
• UART

Additional notes and informations

Depending on the development board you are using, you may need USB UART click, USB UART 2 click or RS232 click to connect to your PC, for development systems with no UART to USB interface available on the board. The terminal available in all MikroElektronika compilers, or any other terminal application of your choice, can be used to read the message.

mikroSDK

This Click board™ is supported with mikroSDK - MikroElektronika Software Development Kit. To ensure proper operation of mikroSDK compliant Click board™ demo applications, mikroSDK should be downloaded from the LibStock and installed for the compiler you are using.

For more information about mikroSDK, visit the official page.

Resources

Downloads